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<title>Commodian</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Commodian</span></span>

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<p><b>Commodian</b> (Commodianus) was a <a href="Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> <a href="Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> poet, who flourished about AD 250.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The only ancient writers who mention him are <a href="Gennadius_of_Massilia" title="Gennadius of Massilia">Gennadius</a>, presbyter of <a href="Marseille" title="Marseille">Massilia</a> (end of 5th century), in his <i>De scriptoribus ecclesiasticis</i>, and an author once thought to be <a href="Pope_Gelasius_I" title="Pope Gelasius I">Pope Gelasius</a> in <i><a href="Decretum_Gelasianum" class="mw-redirect" title="Decretum Gelasianum">De libris recipiendis et non recipiendis</a></i>, in which his works are classed as <i>Apocryphi</i>, probably on account of certain heterodox statements contained in them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commodianus is supposed to have been from <a href="Africa_(Roman_province)" title="Africa (Roman province)">Roman Africa</a>, partly on the ground of his similarity to <a href="Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian</a>, partly because the African school was the chief center of Christian Latinity in the third century; a Syrian origin has also been suggested.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>As he himself tells us, he was originally a pagan, but was converted to <a href="Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> when advanced in years, and felt called upon to instruct the ignorant in the truth. He was the author of two extant works of <a href="Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a>, <i>Instructiones</i> and <i>Carmen apologeticum</i> (<a href="List_of_editiones_principes_in_Latin" title="List of editiones principes in Latin">first published in 1852</a> by <a href="J._B._Pitra" class="mw-redirect" title="J. B. Pitra">J. B. Pitra</a> in the <i>Spicilegium Solesmense</i>, from an MS. in the Middlehill collection, now at <a href="Cheltenham" title="Cheltenham">Cheltenham</a>, supposed to have been brought from the monastery of <a href="Bobbio" title="Bobbio">Bobbio</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The <i>Instructiones</i> consist of 80 poems, each of which is an <a href="Acrostic" title="Acrostic">acrostic</a> (with the exception of poem 60, where the initial letters are in alphabetical order). The initials of poem 80, read backwards, give Commodianus Mendicus Christi. The <i>Carmen Apologeticum</i>, undoubtedly by Commodianus, although the name of the author (as well as the title) is absent from the MS., is free from the acrostic restriction. The first part of the <i>Instructiones</i> is addressed to the heathens and Jews, and ridicules the divinities of classical mythology; the second contains reflections on <a href="Antichrist" title="Antichrist">Antichrist</a>, the end of the world, the <a href="Resurrection" title="Resurrection">Resurrection</a>, and advice to Christians, penitents, and the clergy. In the <i>Apologeticum</i> all mankind are exhorted to repent, in view of the approaching end of the world. The appearance of Antichrist, identified with <a href="Nero_Redivivus" title="Nero Redivivus">Nero Redivivus</a> and the Man from the East, is expected at an early date. Although they display fiery dogmatic zeal, the poems cannot be considered quite orthodox. To the classical scholar the metre alone is of interest. Although they are professedly written in <a href="Hexameter" title="Hexameter">hexameters</a>, the rules of quantity are sacrificed to accent. The first four lines of the <i>Instructiones</i> may be quoted by way of illustration:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<dl><dd><i>Praefatio nostra viam erranti demonstrat</i></dd>

<dd><i>Respectumque bonum, cum venerit saeculi meta</i></dd>

<dd><i>Aeternum fieri, quod discredunt inscia corda:</i></dd>

<dd><i>Ego similiter erravi tempore multo.</i></dd></dl>

<p>These <i>versus politici</i> (as they are called) show that the change was already passing over Latin which resulted in the formation of the <a href="Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance languages</a>. The use of cases and genders, the construction of verb, and prepositions, and the verbal forms exhibit striking irregularities. The author, however, shows an acquaintance with Latin poets <a href="Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a>, <a href="Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>, and <a href="Lucretius" title="Lucretius">Lucretius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Commodian wrote in <a href="Latin_rhythmic_hexameter" title="Latin rhythmic hexameter">Latin rhythmic hexameter</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Editions">Editions</h2></div>

<ul><li>Poinsotte, Jean-Michel (ed., trans.). <i>Commodien. Instructions</i> (Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 2009) (Collection des universités de France. Série latine, 392).</li>

<li>The instructions of Commodianus, in favor of Christian discipline, against the gods of the heathens (1880). Transcribed by Robert Ernest Wallis (1820–1900).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i>Ante-Nicene Christian library</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-:82_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:82-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volume XVIII.</li>

<li>Ludwig, E. (1878). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/commodianicarmin00comm/page/n3/mode/2up?view=theater"><i>Commodiani Carmina</i>, part 1: <i>Instructiones</i></a>. Leipzig.</li>

<li>Ludwig, E. (1877). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/commodianicarmin00comm/page/86/mode/2up?view=theater"><i>Commodiani Carmina</i> part 2: <i>Carmen Apologeticum</i></a>. Leipzig.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Lejay (1908). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Commodianus" class="extiw external" title="wikisource:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Commodianus">Commodianus</a>". In <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i>. <b>4.</b> New York: Robert Appleton Company.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baldwin, Barry (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23064380">"Some Aspects of Commodian"</a>. <i>Illinois Classical Studies</i>, Vol. 14, No. 1/2 (Spring/Fall 1989), pp. 331–346.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Martin, <i>Studien und Beiträge Erklärung und Zeitbestimmung Commodians</i>, p. 138; from Texte und Untersuchungen, Band 39; repr. Gorgias Press, 2010.</span>

</li>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFWikiSource" class="citation web cs1">WikiSource. <a class="external text external" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Robert_Ernest_Wallis">"Works of Robert Ernest Wallis"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100625233832/http://en.wikisource.org:80/wiki/Author:Robert_Ernest_Wallis">Archived</a> from the original on 2010-06-25.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:82-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:82_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(18701883). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008701652/Home">Ante-Nicene Christian library: translations of the writings of the fathers down to A.D. 325</a>. Edinburgh: T. and T. Clark.</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<ul><li>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Commodianus" class="extiw external" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Commodianus">Commodianus</a>". <i><a href="Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">776–</span>777.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">English <a href="Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:

<div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Author:Commodianus" class="extiw external" title="s:en:Author:Commodianus">Commodianus</a></b></div></div></div>

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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/commodianus.html">Texts</a> at <a href="The_Latin_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="The Latin Library">The Latin Library</a></li>

<li>Paul Lejay (1908). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Commodianus" class="extiw external" title="wikisource:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Commodianus">Commodianus</a>". In <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i>. <b>4.</b> New York: Robert Appleton Company.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/30_10_0200-0300-_Commodianus.html">Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Latina with analytical indexes</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/15802">Works by Commodian</a> at <a href="LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></li></ul>

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0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000376208345">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/100219640">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/54187750">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/1783159474340727662551">3</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/563159474066127660895">4</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/649159234400103371490">5</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/632144647704419618789">6</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/169160307503657742292">7</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/47561021">8</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/3213170868662222930000">9</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/8149542842800302034">10</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/253167803140417771630">11</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/253167803131317771391">12</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/281167803129617771403">13</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/268167803131617771419">14</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/270224">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118943200">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n90652763">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12162199h">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12162199h">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Commodianus"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/MILV075755">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an49886001">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jcu2010571262&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1610873">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p07301737X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90274380">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000570861&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=163317">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/xv8b55cg5hw2kk6">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810595930905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text external" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/56426">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007259919605171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058517930106706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04668772?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1499610">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118943200.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118943200">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030147875">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/person/1fb3e4e2-a247-4ad4-a32e-20ee63458ccf">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-22" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Commodian&oldid=1302015898">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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